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Several locations in Texas feature trails or historical areas named after their past use by
smugglers, rustlers, and bootleggers. The most prominent examples are Smugglers Pass in El Paso and the historic Trammel’s Trace in East Texas.
El Paso Area (Franklin Mountains State Park)
The Ron Coleman Trail northern end begins at a location called Smugglers Pass, near the summit of Transmountain Road (Loop 375).
- History: In the late 19th century, cattle rustlers would drive stolen cattle through Fusselman Canyon and over the mountain ridge at Smugglers Pass to the Rio Grande. Texas Ranger Charles H. Fusselman was killed in an ambush by these smugglers in 1890.
- Hiking: This is a difficult and sometimes steep hike with significant elevation changes. It offers great views of the canyon and the Franklin Mountains range.
- More Info: Learn more about the park’s trails and access points on the Texas Parks & Wildlife Department website.
East Texas
Trammel’s Trace was the first major route into Spanish Texas from the northern boundaries along the Red River, beginning as a Caddo trail.
- History: In the early 1800s, this path was used by Anglo-Americans to illegally smuggle horses from the Red River prairies into Spanish Texas. It was named after Nicholas Trammell, a horse trader and gambler.
- Current Use: It later became a significant immigration route and an historic corridor connecting travelers to the El Camino Real at Nacogdoches. Segments of the historic trace can still be explored today.
- More Info: Information about its history is available through the Texas State Historical Association.
Other Notable Locations
- Rio Grande City: The Fordyce Nature and Running Trails were once heavily used by human traffickers and drug smugglers, but the city has transitioned them into a family-friendly recreational area to deter illegal activity.
- Alabama Creek Wildlife Management Area: A soft dirt road in this area, known as “Smuggler’s Strait,” was historically used by smugglers in the 1800s to covertly cross the Neches River.
- Big Bend Ranch State Park: The Contrabando Trail system and the Fresno trail in this park were once home to smugglers, miners, and “desperados”.
- Bolivar Peninsula: Rollover Pass earned its name during the Prohibition Era when bootleggers would “roll” barrels of illicit goods across the narrow strip of land between the Gulf of Mexico and Galveston Bay. The pass has since been filled in.
