Global cocaine seizures 

reached a record high in 2023, with over 419 tonnes seized in the European Union alone. This increase reflects both a surge in production and more effective law enforcement operations. 

Key Global Trends in Cocaine Seizures

• Record Quantities: Global cocaine seizures have increased by 68% since 2019.
• Production: The UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated in 2024 that global cocaine production reached 2,700 tonnes in 2022, a record high, which contributes to the increased volume available for trafficking and interdiction.
• Major Routes: Trafficking routes are dynamic and involve a mix of traditional and emerging corridors.
  • Americas: A significant portion of seizures occur in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean, often through the efforts of U.S. and partner nations’ task forces. One U.S. task force seized a record one million pounds (approx. 453 tonnes) of cocaine during fiscal year 2025 in this region.
  • Europe: EU member states have seen record seizures for seven consecutive years. Major entry points are ports in Belgium (Antwerp), Spain, and the Netherlands. Spain seized 142 tonnes in 2023, the highest volume in Europe.
  • Emerging Routes: Transnational criminal organizations are increasingly using routes through West Africa and the Pacific to reach new markets in East Africa and Australia.
• Trafficking Methods:
  • Cargo Ships and Containers: Perishable goods like bananas are often used to hide large quantities of cocaine in legitimate cargo.
  • Narco Submarines: Criminals continue to use custom-built, low-profile vessels (LPVs) or “narco subs” to evade detection. Law enforcement has noted an increase in these vessels attempting transoceanic journeys to Europe and Australia.
• Major Operations: Coordinated international operations have led to massive busts. For example, the Colombia-led “Operation Orion” in late 2024, a joint effort by 62 countries, seized a record 225 tonnes of cocaine in just six weeks. 

For detailed reports and data, refer to the UNODC World Drug Report or information from the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and INTERPOL.